Industry Case Studies
Production teardowns from the companies actually running data + AI at scale. The architectures, the metrics, the mistakes, the playbooks.
- Batch · Apache Airflow
Apache Airflow in Production
How Airbnb and Lyft orchestrate 100,000+ daily tasks across petabyte pipelines.
AirflowKubernetesSpark - Batch · Apache Spark
Apache Spark at Petabyte Scale
How Netflix and Uber process 450 PB/day with adaptive query execution and intelligent partitioning.
SparkIcebergKafka - ML Platform
MLOps at 10,000 Models
How Uber Michelangelo and Netflix democratize ML across hundreds of teams.
MichelangeloMLflowFeature stores - AI / LLM
LLM Training Data Pipeline
How OpenAI and Anthropic process trillion-token corpora with safety + dedup at scale.
TokenizationDedupSafety - Retrieval
RAG Systems at Production Scale
How Notion AI and Intercom Fin build context-aware retrieval over 10M+ daily queries.
pgvectorHybrid searchReranking - Agents
Agentic AI in Production
How Cognition Devin and AutoGPT pioneer autonomous multi-hour engineering workflows.
Tool usePlanningMulti-step - Eval
LLM Evaluation at Scale
How OpenAI evals and Anthropic constitutional AI test models on thousands of dimensions.
Eval harnessRLHFRed-team